A molecular phylogeny of the chalcidoidea hymenoptera. Calesinae is a small group of chalcidoidea hymenoptera that are parasitoids of whiteflies hemiptera. The percentage of protein is one of the most important criteria to be considered for feed protein sources. The only hymenopteran parasitoid found attacking t. In 1993, peaks in the numbers of eggs laid coinciding with sharp. May 01, 2006 the only hymenopteran parasitoid found attacking t.
In san diego, california, citrus is planted as a garden and ornamental tree. Jun 01, 2015 an updated list to the world fauna of parasitoid hymenoptera reared from members in the bemisia tabaci species complex hemiptera. General information about cales noacki caesno this website uses cookies our website uses cookies to ensure that we give you the best possible online experience. Pertinent references are given to aid in the accurate identification of these minute insects. International journal of research granthaalayah volume 4 issue 6. Side effects of two commercial neem products, neemazal ts 1% azadirachtin as foliar application and neemazal u 17% azadirachtin as soil application were tested in laboratory bioassays against abouttoemerge adults and adults of an aphelinid, eretmocerus warrae ew an efficient parasitoid of the whitefly bemisia tabaci wf in thailand. The woolly whitefly, aleurothrixus floccosus maskell. The effects of different temperatures and diets on the. Aphelinidae parasitizing bemisia pongamiae takahashi hemiptera. In terms of exploration of diversity, it is probably the least known. You may in addition convert your pdf files to autodesk dxf, autodesk dwf, cgm, plt or svg file formats. In total, 112 parasitoid species in 5 families and 7 genera are tabulated along with their global distributions. Determination of the effects of different temperatures on the lifespan of cales noacki to determine the longevity of c.
Journal of pest science, volume 73, issue 1 springer. Both families include several species used in biological control programs around the world, especially in warmer climates noyes et al. Pdf control of the woolly whitefly aleurothrixus floccosus. Aleyrodidae in taiwan, with a key to world species of the cales spencerigroup. Aphelinidae includes species worldwide, of which 10 form a highly morphologically uniform species complex with a native range in the neotropical region. Aphelinidae nin konukculari ve dogadaki yillik dol sayisi. Sample question based on current affairs for civil services mains exam 2014. Introduction and dispersal of epidinocarsis lopezi hym. Chalcidoidea hymenoptera are extremely diverse with more than 23,000 species described and over 500,000 species estimated to exist. The effects of different temperatures and diets on the biology of cales noacki howard hymenoptera. Perhaps the most impressive are the results of integrative taxonomic revision of the species complex cales noacki howard, 1907 mottern and heraty, 2014a, 2014b, which revealed 10 cryptic species. Journal of pest science, volume 76, issue 6 springer. Viewcompanion premium can convert your adobe pdf files to the following formats.
Millar2 1department of botany and zoology, university of stellenbosch, matieland, 7602 south africa 2biosystematics division, arcplant protection research institute, private bag x4, queenswood. This is the first comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the superfamily based on a molecular analysis of 18s and 28s ribosomal gene regions for 19 families, 72 subfamilies, 343 genera and 649 species. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. Inoculative parasitoid releases were made in regions where no or low natural. This paper describes the species richness of natural enemies found associated with citrus spp. Pdf the biology of cales noacki howard hymenoptera. Further details may be available for individual references in the distribution table details section which can be. Insect meal as renewable source of food for animal feeding. We do not use these to store personal information about you.
Aphelinidae, a particular parasitoid of the woolly whitefly, aleurothrixus floccosus maskell. An updated list to the world fauna of parasitoid hymenoptera reared from members in the bemisia tabaci species complex hemiptera. Museum specimens show the origins of a cryptic species used in biological control. Phenology, population trend and natural enemies of. Molecular analyses indicated that at least two species of cales were present on citrus in its biological control range. Based on examination of all the available data and captured specimens, 34 confirmed species in total included 20 genera divided into four subfamilies of aphelinidae as listed in morocco. The parasitoid wasp species cales noacki howard aphelinidae is an important biological control agent against woolly whitefly, aleurothrixus floccosus aleyrodidae, in citrusgrowing regions worldwide. Uncategorized coaching, gs, mains, material, notes, prelims, upsc post navigation.
At zographou, athens, in 19921994, most overwinteringa. Controllo biologico di aleurothrixus floccosus con cales noacki in aree agrumicole di basilicata e puglia. Survey studies of aleurothrixus floccosus maskell homoptera, aleyrodidae and its parasitoid cales noacki howard hymenoptera, aphelinidae were made in 4 provinces. Revision of the cales noacki species complex hymenoptera. An cales noacki in nahilalakip ha genus nga cales, ngan familia nga aphelinidae.
An assessment of population fluctuations of citrus pest woolly whitefly aleurothrixus floccosus maskell, 1896 homoptera, aleyrodidae and its parasitoid cales noacki howard, 1907 hymenoptera, aphelinidae. An assessment of population fluctuations of citrus pest. Studies on aleurothrixus floccosus maskell homoptera, aleyrodidae and its parasitoid, cales noacki howard hymenoptera, aphelinidae in the east mediterranean region of turkey m. Atti dagli xi congresso nazionale di entomologia porticisorrento, 1015 maggio 1976 pp. Sleeve cage and free release methods were used to introduce the parasitoid onto selected citrus trees. Aleyrodidae, nuovo ospite di cales noacki howard hymenoptera. Wikipedia that means the book is composed entirely of articles from wikipedia that we have edited and redesigned into a book format. Members of the order have huge ecological and economic impacts as predators e.
In 1993, peaks in the numbers of eggs laid coinciding with. Homoptera, aleurodidae in south portugal and its control by cales noacki how. Cales noacki howard from eggs of lepidoptera viggiani and battaglia 1984. They are unusual in having the ability, at least in c. The remaining species are found in australia and new zealand. Controllo biologico di aleurothrixus floccosus con cales. We recently discovered two cryptic species of cales on citrus in california. If you would prefer to read the unedited articles in their old format for free, we have provided a list of the article titles under chapters below. Continuing to use this website means you agree to our use of cookies. Bulletin oeppieppo bulletin 27, 7784 1997 biological control in the maltese islands past initiatives and future programmes 1 by d. An cales noacki in uska species han hymenoptera nga ginhulagway ni howard hadton 1907. Richesse specifique des ennemis naturels associes aux vergers.
Examination of historical biological control records is combined with a. Apr 01, 2011 calesinae is a small group of chalcidoidea hymenoptera that are parasitoids of whiteflies hemiptera. Proceedings of the international symposium of iobcwprs on integrated control in. Prior to this study, cales diversity included one species in the neotropical region cales noacki, introduced from south america into citrus growing regions of north america, the mediterranean and tropical africa for biological control of woolly whitefly, and two species from australia cales spenceri and cales orchamoplati. International journal of research granthaalayah volume 4. We recognize ten species previously attributed to a single neotropical species, cales noacki howard, which in the strict sense is a species broadly disseminated to control woolly whitefly. Aleyrodidae first invaded eastern urban areas of athens, greece, in may 1991. Studies on aleurothrixus floccosus maskell homoptera. Dip ent zool, v universita 100, 80055 portici, naples italy. Hymenopteran parasitoids associated with scale insects. The 56 outgroups are comprised of ceraphronoidea and. Systematic studies of the parasitoid wasp genus cales.
Biological control in the maltese islands past initiatives. Text is available under the creative commons attributionsharealike license. While almost indistinguishable morphologically, the two species have a distinctly different molecular signature, differing by 2. Aphelinidae, a particular parasitoid of the woolly whitefly, aleurothrixus floccosus maskell homoptera. With more than 115 000 described species sharkey, 2007, hymenoptera is one of the four megadiverse endopterygote orders. One species, cales noacki howard, has been introduced from south america into citrus. Dec 06, 2003 studies on aleurothrixus floccosus maskell homoptera, aleyrodidae and its parasitoid, cales noacki howard hymenoptera, aphelinidae in the east mediterranean region of turkey m. An update on the status of several whiteflies hemiptera. Phenology, life tables, and reproductive biology of. Biological control in the maltese islands past initiatives and future programmes 1 by d. Aphelinidae wwas released in citrus groves in muheza 0510 0s, 3846 0e and morogoro 06 49 0 s, 37 40 0 e townships to control aleurothrixus floccosus mask homoptera. Aleyrodidae, a potentially serious citrus pest, recorded from south africa j. Mar 31, 2016 side effects of two commercial neem products, neemazal ts 1% azadirachtin as foliar application and neemazal u 17% azadirachtin as soil application were tested in laboratory bioassays against abouttoemerge adults and adults of an aphelinid, eretmocerus warrae ew an efficient parasitoid of the whitefly bemisia tabaci wf in thailand.
Aphelinidae, a parasitoid of the citrus woolly whitefly. The woolly whitefly, aleurothrixus floccosus maskell hemiptera. Apr 18, 20 this paper describes the species richness of natural enemies found associated with citrus spp. Introduction and dispersal of epidinocarsis lopezi. Pdf the effects of different temperatures and diets on the. Chalcidoidea species associated with crop and forest pests in morocco was conducted during 20122014, using malaise trap and completed by a bibliographical research. Aphelinidae wwas released in citrus groves in muheza 0510 0s, 3846 0e and morogoro 06 49 0 s, 37 40 0 e townships to control aleurothrixus. The current consensus in the phylogeny of the basal hymenoptera was obtained by assembling large morphological and molecular data sets and analysing them simultaneously with stateoftheart cladistic software vilhelmsen, 2001, 2006. Dec 15, 2010 one species, cales noacki howard, has been introduced from south america into citrus. Pdf the effects of different temperatures and diets on. An updated list of parasitoid hymenoptera reared from the. Tiff, cals, pcx, png, dwf, plt, jpeg, jpeg2000, webp, gif and bmp.
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